Wednesday, August 7, 2019
Information Technology Sub-sector Analysis Essay
Information Technology Sub-sector Analysis - Essay Example Porters four analysis gives two dimensions that define the strategies. One is the competitive advantage source, and two is the scope of the advantage. The first one comprises of product differentiation or low-cost approach. The second one consists of narrow or broad approach. When crossed the dimensions gives the porters four business strategies. To win competitive advantage, the IT organization should apply cost focus in a small group of the target section. A Cost Focus strategy usually emerges as a competitive move, at times to challenge a certain competitor. A smaller IT firm can as well gain entry to a market by competing on cost within a particular niche. Competition in the mobile application industry has lead to the rise in a totally new product called smartphones that have greater functionality as compared to normal mobile phones due to their capability of running mobile apps. The cost of these smartphones is not over exaggerated to discourage the customers from buying them. The IT organizations maintain lesser cost across different product offerings. An analysis of competitors cost should be carried out prior to setting products costs. For instance, by 2010, the mobile apps industry was highly flooded as new competitors got into the market saturating it with several varieties of utilitarian and lifestyle apps (Tarnacha & Maitland, 2006). In most instances, apps are designed by third-party developers like companies that wish to advertize their products, or by freelance designers who trade their apps at a profit. The major operating systems, Android and Apple, each have an equivalent dedicated marketplace due to its subsidized costs. Limiting Apple policies with regards to app development in the preliminary stage have had a verifiable effect on the iOS apps market. A larger percentage of all mobile app developers have a preference for developing apps for the Android operating system whereas a smaller percentage prefer to do so for Apple’s iOS
A Research Paper on G.K. Chesterton and The Man Who Was Thursday Essay Example for Free
A Research Paper on G.K. Chesterton and The Man Who Was Thursday Essay While doing research on G.K. Chesterton and his literary masterpiece, I came upon this article on Gilbert Magazine in which his answer to the question â€Å"What is the difference between progress and growth?†was posted. To this question, he answered: The fatal metaphor of progress, which means leaving things behind us, has utterly obscured the real idea of growth, which means leaving things inside of us.            First of all, I didnt even know he has a magazine. Secondly, since I have never heard of him before, I ask myself why on earth has it taken so long for me to discover such an amazing man? His statement above is just one of the marvelous pithy quotations of a man who never earned a doctorate and, in fact, never even attended a university. I have read some of them and I am amazed at how he can say something about everything and says it better than everybody else.            It is with utter delight that I am taking this journey to the discovery and uncovering of a genius – a journalist, a debater, an artist, a happy man – for in discovering him, I discover passion, wisdom, and myself. G.K. Chesterton: A Poet, Storyteller, and Ironist            G.K. Chesterton cannot be summed up in one sentence. Nor in one paragraph. With all the fine biographies I have encountered that have been written of him, I dont know if the Gilbert Keith Chesterton has really been captured between the covers of those books. In the first place, how could one simplify a man of such complex talents? He was very good at expressing himself, but more importantly, he had something very good to express – the reason why he was one of the greatest thinkers and writers of the 20th century and a champion of the Roman Catholic religion. K. Chesterton is alive and kicking today in a way that most of his contemporaries are not precisely because he enunciated clearly and forcefully the fundamental principles in the light of which issues, whether of today or of yesterday, can be confronted intelligently, and he has dedicated this extraordinary intellect and creative power to the reform of English government and society. Literary types would laud him for his poetry and novels and detective stories and plays; social critics would approve him for his prescient admonitions about eugenics and nihilism and socialism; champions of domestic democracy would like his doctrine of distributism; philosophers would be challenged by his insights and quips; the fundamentalist Christian would defend him for defending Christianity, and the Catholic Christian would enjoy the enjoyment Chesterton derived from his Catholicism. This is a multifaceted man.            Gilbert was a day boy at St. Paul’s. The masters rated him as an under-achiever, but he earned some recognition as a writer and debater. Although he never went to college, he proved that genius cannot be tied down to the rules of the academy, nor need we be subservient to the prejudices of the academy in evaluating genius. Chesterton, in fact, chose to be a journalist, because in that role he could think most profoundly, powerfully, cogently, and effectively.            He was vitally concerned with the injustices of Great Britain to its dependencies. He progressed from newspaper to public debate. He used logic, laughter, paradox, and his own winning personality to show that imperialism was destroying English patriotism.            In 1900 he published his first literary works, two volumes of poetry. In 1900 he met Hilaire Belloc, and in 1901 he married Frances Blogg. These events were two of the great influences in his life. From 1904 to 1936 Chesterton published nearly a dozen novels, the most important being The Napoleon of Notting Hill (1904) and The Man Who Was Thursday (1908). In 1911 Chesterton created the ‘‘Father Brown’’ detective stories. During his literary career he published 90 books and numerous articles. He poured out a wealth of lighthearted essays, historical sketches, and metaphysical and polemical works, together with such well-known poems as ‘‘The Ballad of the White Horse,’’ ‘‘Lepanto,’’ and the drinking songs from The Flying Inn. Among his major critical works are studies of Robert Browning (1903) and Charles Dickens (1906). Prodigiously talented, Chesterton also illustrated a number of Belloc’s light works.            Chesterton spoke of himself as primarily a journalist. He contributed to and helped edit Eye Witness and New Witness. He edited G. K.’s Weekly, which advocated distributism, the social philosophy developed by Belloc. Chesterton’s overriding concern with political and social injustice is reflected in Heretics (1905) and Orthodoxy (1909), perhaps his most important work.            I could say that Chesterton was not a philosopher in the sense of one who, like Plato or Aristotle, Aquinas or Bonaventure, Descartes or Kant, Hegel or Kierkegaard, made original contributions to the history of human reflection on the reality of the real. We can, however, say that he made two remarkable contributions which are still immensely worthwhile today: (1) he was unmatched in his ability to satirize the philosophical foibles of his day; and (2) although his philosophy was not unique his manner of expressing it was unique; one cannot read him, even today, without being again and again suddenly pulled up short. In view of his perennial concern with ideas and with ideas that count, with ultimates he has to be called a philosopher, not merely, however, as a lover of wisdom, but as one who possessed a certain kind of intuitive wisdom.            Throughout his life, G.K. Chesterton was one of the most colorful and loved personalities of literary England. To his intellectual gifts he added gaiety, wit, and warm humanity that endeared him even to his antagonists. This English author, journalist, and artist was born in London on May 29, 1874. He died at his home in Beaconsfield on June 14, 1936, but it doesnt matter. To those who know him and are passionate readers of his works, his wisdom lives on. To those like me who simply stumbled upon him, he lives again. In our hearts, his wisdom is timeless. The Man Who Was Thursday: A Masterpiece of a Non-Degree Holder Genius            Versatility of topic, address, genre, device, whatever more there is in the heaven and earth of mind and spirit brought to letterssuch is the hallmark and mandate of Chesterton. He can be straightforward and for right, crisp and to the point, or witty, with a certain malice aforethought. He can take the way of irony or simply snort when his patience is exhausted. He can soar with angelic sweep or swoop like a bird of prey. His descriptive hand is as authentic as any, as witness this from the beginning of The Man Who Was Thursday: The suburb of Saffron Park lay on the sunset side of London, as red and ragged as a cloud of sunset. It was built of a bright brick throughout; its skyline fantastic its ground plan wild. More especially this attractive unreality fell upon it about nightfall when the extravagant roofs were dark against the afterglow and the whole insane village seemed as separate as a drifting cloud. This . . . was more strongly true of the many nights of local festivity, when the little gardens were often illuminated, and the big Chinese lanterns glowed in the dwarfish trees like some fierce and monstrous fruit.            The Man Who Was Thursday was the phantasmagoric 1908 novel of eccentric anarchists, philosopher-detectives and a riddle-writing criminal mastermind who just might be God. Subtitled A Nightmare, this masterpiece by G.K. Chesterton better known for his Father Brown detective series mingles theological brainteasing with cloak-and-dagger capers like a cross-country balloon chase and a  bombing conspiracy fomented over jam and crumpets.            This metaphysical thriller spirals out madly from a marvelous premise: a London counterintelligence chief has formed a corps of â€Å"policemen who are also philosophers.†An initiate tells the books hero Gabriel Syme, who is with the British police: The ordinary detective goes to pot-houses to arrest thieves; we go to artistic tea-parties to detect pessimists. The ordinary detective discovers from a ledger or a diary that a crime has been committed. We discover from a book of sonnets that a crime will be committed We say that the most dangerous criminal now is the entirely lawless modern philosopher.            Soon after joining these vigilantes, he was hired by an unknown, unseen man to infiltrate the noted anarchist movement, making him stumble upon an anarchist conspiracy to destroy civilization and morality itself. He starts with a loudmouthed poet of disorder, Gregory, and follows him into a meeting of the anarchists. Gregory is forced to keep Gabriels identity a secret for his own sake, for he himself had led the policeman into their secret hideaway.            The undercover Gabriel manages to get elected as one of the seven top men in the organization, alias Thursday, much to Gregorys silent chagrin. Gabriel meets with the other members of the council, all of who appear to be dark and dreadfully evil most of all the President, the huge mountain of a man called Sunday. Little by little, however, Gabriel realizes that the other five people under Sunday are not at all evil, but all of them spies from the police!            In the process, however, Gabriel succeeds in getting an entire French countryside to think he and his new friends are really anarchists (meanwhile they are thinking, or wondering in disbelief, that the entire countryside is full of anarchists after them). They nearly get lynched. When things are settled, this group of undercover police go back to England to seek out Sunday, whom they soon find is the very man who hired them to infiltrate the council in the first place! Sunday leads them on a strange and wild chase, during which the six philosophize about the nature of their strange antagonist.            Phantasmagoric escapades proliferate, and police pursuit collides with the carnivalesque nature of the universe. They realize that they have been seeing him from behind, and from behind he looks brutal; but the apparent evil was misleading. The journey ends at a palatial estate where the six are treated like kings, and finally see Sunday for who he is The Sabbath, the peace of God. The council of anarchists has turned into a High Council commemorating the Seven Days of Gods Creation.            The purpose of Sunday as the evil anarchist was to bring forth good through the others to urge them on to unnatural virtue. As they were fighting, they were fighting Satan. As the hearers grow indignant at Sundays using them for his purposes and allowing them to go through such trials, the paradoxical Problem of Evil seems somehow resolved. The last question asked of the strange man as he recedes into space is Have you ever suffered? and the answer the Christian knows is whispered from the distance. The last scene sees Gabriel Syme waking from his reverie, and chatting philosophy with the other Poet of Saffron Park, Gregory.             Chesterton offers up one highly colored enigma after another in The Man That Was Thursday. He truly knows how to create an atmosphere of hallucinatory suspense, to use the fantastic and paradoxical and fugitive to glimpse the other side of God. In an article published the day before his death, he called this literary masterpiece of his, â€Å"a very melodramatic sort of moonshine.†I guess thats how we would describe a novel set in a phantasmagoric London where policemen are poets and anarchists camouflage themselves as, well, anarchists. By turns hilarious and terrifying, Chesterton’s The Man Who Was Thursday is a lyrical search for truth in a world where nothing is what it seems.            This is not a book. This is a glorious experience. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Modern Horror Writers (Writers of English). New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1994. Chesterton, G.K. The Autobiography of G.K. Chesterton. New York: Sheed Ward, 1936. Chesterton, G.K. The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare. New York: Dodd, Mead Company, 1908. Coren, Michael. Gilbert, The Man Who Was G.K. Chesterton. New York: Paragon House, 1990. Dale, Alzina Stone. The Outline of Sanity: A Biography of G.K. Chesterton. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1982. Dale, Alzina Stone. The Art of G.K. Chesterton. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1985. Ffinch, Michael. G.K. Chesterton. San Francisco: Harper Row, 1986. â€Å"More letters asking Whats the Difference?.†Gilbert Magazine Outlining Sanity. 30 November 2007 http://www.gilbertmagazine.com/page_16.html Titterton, W.R. G.K. Chesterton: A Portrait. Folcroft, Pennsylvania: Folcroft Library
Tuesday, August 6, 2019
Strengths And Weaknesses Of Ids Information Technology Essay
Strengths And Weaknesses Of Ids Information Technology Essay Although IDS is a useful addition to ensure security, it does well on some points, but there are still some limitations with it. Table 5.1 summaries some the strengths and weaknesses of IDS. Strengths Weaknesses Monitoring user behaviors and system event logs. Detection but not prevention. Testing the system configrutions of hosts. False positive detections. Setting up baseline for the security state of a system, and tracking any changes to that baseline. False negative detections. Protecting against known threats. Spoofing attacks. Recognizing patterns of activity that are abnormal. Cannot automatically investigating attacks without human intervention. Centralized management. Delays of signature update. Alerting to appropriate administrators with appropriate means. Easier to perform security monitoring functions for non-security experts. Table 5.1: Strengths and Weaknesses of IDS. Monitoring user behaviors and system event logs One of the strengths of IDS is that it provides ability to monitor the system event logs of every host, which make administrators to be aware when any changes on the hosts. They can also utilize this information collected by IDS to analyze user behaviors, thereby planning the security strategy and policies for their organizations accordingly. Testing the system configrutions of hosts IDS are also able to test the security states for every host, when the system is configured below par or a baseline, it alerts to administrators which host is set below a security level. Thus, administrators can make further configurations for that host. Setting up baseline for the security state of a system, and tracking any changes to that baseline With IDS, administrators can set up their own expectation as a security baseline. Based on that baseline, IDS keeps tracking the differences and changes on the hosts, allowing administrators to have all hosts in the same security level they expect. Protecting against known threats The Signature detection techniques make IDS to protect systems and networks well against known threats. It ensures recognizing patterns of system events that compare to the known threats. Recognizing patterns of activity that are abnormal When a new attack does not exist in known threat signatures, IDS has Anomaly detection techniques for it. This technique is good at comparing system activities or network traffic against a baseline to indentify abnormal behaviors, recognizing new attacks that Signature detection techniques miss. Centralized management IDS provides a centralized management for administrators easier to change logging mechanisms, perform software upgrade, collecting alarm information and updating security setting etc. Many IDS products even have a very simple menu to have the configuration of IDS set up, which helps administrators a lot to monitors a numerous of networks and hosts. Alerting to appropriate administrators with appropriate means Based on scan and match principle, IDS always send alerts to appropriate people by appropriate means. Administrators can decide who should receive the alerts and define different activates they want to be alerted. These appropriate meaning of messages to appropriate people can be more effective and efficient to an organization. Easier to perform security monitoring functions for non-security experts Many IDS products now already provide basic information security policies, plus easy configuration, allowing non-security expert to perform security monitoring functions for their organizations as well. This is also a strength that makes IDS to a success. On the contrary, there are some weaknesses have been suggested as shown in Table 5.1. Detection but not prevention IDS concentrate on detection method but not prevention, it is a passive activity. It is sometimes too late to detect an intrusion, especially now some attacks are transporting very fast on the current high speed networks, when IDS sends a alert to administrators, the actual situation may be worse. False positive detections The detection capabilities of IDS can be defined in four measures: True positive, False positive, True negative and False negative. Figure 5.3 illustrates the differences of them. True positive indicates that the real attacks are identified by IDS correctly; True negative indicates that IDS is identified correctly that are not attacks; False positive indicates that IDS is identified incorrectly as true attacks but actually that are not real attacks; False negative indicates that IDS is identified incorrectly as not attacks but actually that are attacks. Figure 5.3: Measures of IDS IDS often generate too many false positives, due to the inaccurate assumptions. One example is looking for the length of URLs. Typically, a URL is only around 500 bytes length, assuming that an IDS is configured to trigger an alert for denial of service attack when the length of a URL is exceed 1000 bytes. False positive could be occurred from some complex web pages that are common to store a large content now. The IDS is not making mistake, the algorithm is just not perfect. In order to reduce False positives, administrators need to tune the assumptions of how to detect attacks in an IDS, but which is time consuming. False negative detections False negatives are also a weakness of IDS, hackers now can encode an attack file to be unsearchable by IDS. For example, cgi-bin/attack.cgi is defined as a signature in an IDS, but the file is encoded to be cg%39-b%39n/a%39tt%39 by the hackers. While cg%39-b%39n/a%39tt%39 is not defined in the signature files, the attack will pass without any notice, then a False negative occurs. Spoofing attacks Hackers can utilize spoofing attacks to blind the administrators. For example, hackers can use one of the IP in a network to make many False positive detections, administrators may then set the IDS to ignore local traffic for this IP, after then hackers start the real attacks. Cannot automatically investigating attacks without human intervention Even IDS can detect most of the attacks in the hosts and networks, but it still need administrators to investigate and perform reaction. Hackers can utilize this weakness of IDS to perform an attack, for instance, a hacker can make a large of attacks to host A, since IDS is not able to analyze all the attacks automatically by itself, administrators needs to spend time to investigate each alarm from host A. Thus, the hacker may have more time to make a real attack to host B. Delays of signature update IDS rely on its signature database to detect a known intrusion, IDS products typically updating the signature database by the IDS vendors. The potential problem is the delay of signature update patch, IDS vendors often take a long time to identify a new attack and finish an update patch. However, even IDS vendors provide the most update signature as soon as they can. It is still a time period that the IDS are not able to identify a new attack before updating the signature database.
Monday, August 5, 2019
Marketing Analysis Of Social Networking Site Orkut Marketing Essay
Marketing Analysis Of Social Networking Site Orkut Marketing Essay Social Networking sites that allow individuals to construct a public profile, articulate with people they know by sharing their connection and view and traverse their connections and those made by people they know. The nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from sites to sites The leading social networks around the world are Orkut, Facebook, and My Space Twitter etc. The first social networking site that was Six Degrees.com launched in 1997 although it attracted millions of users but failed to sustain as it was considered to be ahead of its time and was closed in 2000.From 1997 to 2001 many community sites were launched but the next wave of these sites began in 2001 by the launch of Ryze.com. Friendster was launched in2002 as a complement to Ryze.com and had 300,000 users by the end of May 2003. By 2003 the social networking sites hi the mainstream. In 2003 the giant GOOGLE proposed to purchase Friendster but failed to do so. Google then internally commissioned Mr Orkut Bà ¼yà ¼kkà ¶kten to work on a competing independent project. And then Orkut was launched on 24th of Jan, 2004.By the end of September 2004 Orkuts membership surpasses 2 million accounts in spite of the fact that the membership was only on invitation. As of 2007, the service claimed 67 million users. Orkut became a huge success in the United States. Orkut spread like a virus in countries like Brazil and India. It also won the YOUTH ICON AWARD 2007 in India. Orkut members are offered various exclusive features. Members can create groups to join friends according to their wish. The can upload videos from You Tube etc. Orkut gives its member the choice to have restricted or unrestricted polls on these videos. Orkut has a competitive advantage of the privacy that it offers to its members. It allows anyone to visit anyones profile, unless a visitor is on the Ignore List Each member has a choice to customize their profile preferences and restrict they information according to their preferences. Gtalk has been integrated in Orkut so that the members can chat from their Orkut page. Orkut leads in countries like India, Pakistan and Brazil. It offers its members a distinct feature called THEMES, offering them a range of colourful themes in the library in which they can change their interface. Figure 1. Distribution of work task interruption The below mentioned figures represent the traffic of Orkut. These even show us that Orkut has been losing its market share in most of the western countries. Orkut has been tremendously successful in Asian countries. Traffic on Orkut by country Traffic of Orkut on March 31, 2004 Flag of the United States.svg United States Flag of Japan.svg Japan Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Other Traffic of Orkut on April 13, 2010[15] Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Flag of India.svg India Flag of the United States.svg United States Flag of Japan.svg Japan Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Other Source: http://en..wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkut#Features Orkut has started losing its market share in the global market. As shown in the above diagram there has been a drastic decrease in the traffic of Orkut in countries like United States, United Kingdom etc. This is because of the rising popularity of its competitors like Facebook, Twitter, My space etc. A study conducted by Nielsens in India show s that Facebook is ruling among the social networking sites. Source: http://www.indiasocial.in/nielsen-study SWOT ANALYSIS OF ORKUT: STRENGTHS: ORKUT is very user friendly due to its graphic user interface. One can view peoples profile and pictures regardless if the person is your friend or not. It is user friendly because navigation is easy, applications are minimal making it is easy for a person who is not a tech-savvy. It is mainly focussed on scrapping friends. It is integrated with GOOGLE CHAT. ORKUT gives more privacy and security compared to some of its competitors. Menus and other applications are arranged in a organised manner making it simpler for the user. ORKUT has a free feature PROMOTE THIS in which you make a message and circulate and reach other in the network. There is a feature in ORKUT that provides you relevant jobs. WEAKNESSES: GOOGLE INC. Treated ORKUT as just a sideline business, not giving it much attention that was required and hence creating a space for competition..The ORKUT account does not give you the freedom to navigate into different websites so in turn you have to go through the registration process. You cannot promote your business through ORKUT compared to that of its competitor Facebook that has a feature that through your Face book account you can go to different websites and post your adverts and add a backlink and this also gets activated on your Facebook profile allowing people in your network to know what you have done. To make friends in an ORKUT account you have to visit the persons profile and then send the friend request. ORKUT has a lot of spam. ORKUT was last redesigned in 2007. OPPORTUNITIES: ORKUT is very popular among Brazilians and Indians. ORKUT is a market leader in these countries so there is a lot of opportunity that ORKUT can bring to its favour in these countries.The increase in usage of broadband and wi-max technology is a big opportunity were innovations should be done. THREATS: ORKUT has a major threat from its arch rival Facebook as its market share is relatively increasing to that of ORKUT. The other competitors like hi5, Twitter, My Space etc.are also picking up the pace. ORKUT is being misused by people and facing major issues like Death Threats which is becoming a major concern..Some political groups demanding to ban ORKUT. ORKUT has been repeatedly facing issues on being medium of promotion for hatred by some religious communities, illegal drug deals and child pornography, kidnapping and murders etc . Posing a threat to the image of the brand. Fake profiles can be created. PESTL ANALYSIS OF ORKUT: POLITICAL: There been controversies around ORKUT by various hate groups and they have a lot of followers there. This has created an anti-national and anti-ethical environment. This has leaded a lot of criticism from political groups and leading to banning in some countries. ECONOMIC : This is quiet a relevant factor that is chasing people to promote their businesses on ORKUT, in this time of recession. This is resulting in positive impact as ORKUT has a feature through which people are able to find jobs and as business ideas. Due to the economic meltdown the prices of technology and gizmos have come down, hence people can avail laptops , multimedia handsets etc and use this kind of inexpensive media of communication to the fullest. SOCIO CULTURAL :- There have been a lot of controversies regarding the same in Islamic countries. In these countries the government banned ORKUT in order to preserve the national security and Islamic ethical issues. To overcome this situation Orkutproxy.com was created but subsequently this has become a challenge due to the government blockage as the https pages on all the anonymous sites were closed. There a lot of hate groups that are considered to be a major threat to countries as this created a anti-national environment affecting the lives of people on a day to day basis. TECHNOLOGICAL : Due to the continuous advancement in the tech gadgets and gizmos the social networking has been a lot more accessible and popular. The 3GS phones, instant messaging and majorly the wifi connectivity have helped to increase the users of social networking due to the anytime accessibility levels. This has helped the users to keep in touch with their friends and community members and get the updates on their accounts and groups at all times. LEGAL : Earlier people could view anyones accounts, videos, photos etc and tamper them. There have been huge legal implications regarding the privacy issues as people started to use the photos and videos and placing them on internet with fake details. Huge number of them were vulgar, especially that of women. In June 2006 some researches discovered a worm, MW.Orc, which steals users banking details, usernames and passwords by propagating through ORKUT. In 2007 a security advisory was published on Orkuts vulnerabilities related to the autheciation issues, leading to misuse of legitimate accounts. There were similar attacks that were repeatedly reported for e.g. in 2007 the W32/ Kut Wormer, in 2008 W32/ Scapkut worm affecting the Orkut users in large numbers. There have been a number of other legal issues like in 2006 the Bombay High Courts Aurangabad bench served a notice on GOOGLE for allowing a campaign against India that carried a picture of a burned Indian flag and anti-India content. Rec ently, the Pune police cracked a rave party filled with narcotics. There was a deliberate charge on ORKUT under the Indian Information Technology Act, 2000 as it was believed to be a mode of communication for the same. Similar cases are reported in Brazil as well creating distrust among Orkut users. OBJECTIVE SETTING AT DIFFERENT STRATEGIC LEVELS: CORPORATE OBJECTIVE: To increase profitability by 30% worldwide by 2011 and to in increase the number of unique users to 20 million a day. BUISNESS S OBJECTIVE: To increase usage of ORKUT to 80% worldwide, primarily increase the traffic in Asia- Pacific countries by 2011. I have choosen Asia Pacific because as shown in the world stats one-third of the population of the internet users are people from Asia Pacific region. MARKETING OBJECTIVE: To attain 50% of the market share and become the top most among g the all the other social networking sites worldwide. Here I would primarily focus on capturing 30%of the Asia Pacific market. This is a specific, measurable and attainable figure as according to research report relaesed by Comscore 50.8 percent of the total online population in the Asia Pacific region visited social networking site in Feburay 2010, reaching a total of 240.3 million visitors. This report does not include the visitation from internet cafes and mobiles.The segmented market is the Youth aged 18-35. EXPANSION STRATEGY ACCORDING TO THE ANSOFF MATRIX: ORKUT has been a brand for the last six years. It has been one of the most successful social networking sites and the best known as well. As we see its brand image has gone through a lot of negative publicity considering the facts Orkut should focus on rejuvenating the brand image through market penetration. Orkut should also do product development as the consumers have become a lot demanding. The features that Orkut offers are not in accordance to that of competition, being more precise Orkut should be using innovation to add new features to make it more interesting to be a part of the same. Hence, the strategies that Orkut should follow are Market Penetration and Product Development. EXPANSION STRATEGY ACCORDING TO THE ANSOFF MATRIX: Market Penetration : ORKUT is already a well known brand. We need to rejuvenate the brand image in a positive way by aggressive marketing of the brand at the right places. This strategy will not only increase the market share in the prevelant countries but also in countries of Asia Pacific where social netwroking is on a tremedous growth. I am using market penetration for Orkut because according to a research conducting by Neilsens Orkut has started losing its market share in countries like India and Brazil where it was a market leader. Hence it makes it very important that I revive the brand image to maintain the market sahre in the existing markets and also focus on the emerging markets like other regions of Asia Pacific. Product Development: I needs to rejuvenate the brand by doing a lot of innovation because Orkut was las t redesigned on 28 October 2009. As technology is changing in every minute we need to meet the pace . We re far behind in comparision to our competitors the features that we offer are not up to mark . We do not offer enough service s to the users that is diverting our users to shift their netwokrs to our competitors.Hence it becomes ver y necessary for us to work on innovation and add I PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: I am going to use Focus and Differentiation for Orkut. FOCUS : I would majorily focus on the age groups between 15 to 44. According to a report by comscore the graph represents that in Asia Pacific the age group that uses the internet the most is the the people between 15 to 44. PORTERS GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES: The report realesed by Comscore in 2010 clearly state that the Social networking sites have had a ubiquitous growth in Asia Pacific region . Hence going by the facts of both the reports I am choosing Asia Pacific Region as the area of focus for Orkut to grow. DIFFERENTIATION: Social networks are very infutential, the network that we create online does not match our offline profile.People are increasingly using the web to get information they need from each other, rather than that from businesses.People know about products and brands throught friends.So in order to diffrentiate I would reccommend to add an embedded social features key on the user page. These networks are about pursuing relationships and fostering communities of consumers , hence it becomes important to understand the behaviour. People dont care much about technology rather they care about the communication that technology enables.Through thousand of years we have formed groups and strong and weak relationships. To become successful in the long term its important that we understand the motivation behind using a new technology before developing it.People are more comfortable with the people they have strong ties with. Studies on online gamers show that they most often play with people they have strong ties with. Hence, we need to give options the communication channels for the users like one to one or one to many at the right times. We need to design our user page supporting these interactions. Privacy is all aboutcontrolling how much other people know about you. Manintaining peoples privacy is a major concern. In order to help our users doing this we need to make our site less complex and more transparent. So people understand the consequences of their actions.I recommend to do so we develop trust amongst our user leading to repetitive usage and more users in the long term.These are the key differentiators. TACTICS: PRODUCT: I would recommend to use innovation to revive the brand image of ORKUT. In order to do so I would add different feature like a google search engine toolbar on the user page as I know the Asian Pacific users use the internet for navigation an d entertainment . The user page would have the famous entertainment sources like for youngster is would have the famous music, for middle aged people it would have navigation to different job sites, and old people would have religious programs and world news etc on the user pages. This would help in differentiate Orkut from its competitors. PRICE: Price does not have relevance as the users do not have to pay any price to use the service. I t is a virtual commodity and the revenue structure is based on the number of users.Hence, price does not hold any value. PLACE : This is the most important out of all the tactics for Orkut. It is already available on the electronic and portable medium .In order to achieve market penetration Orkut tag should be used on the most popular sites like Google Search Engine, Gmail etc.As portable medium like celluar phones etc. are the most preferabel medium of communication by the youth Orkut should have a tie-up with cellular manufacturers like Apple Blackberry etc to have an ingrained Orkut application in their handsets. PROMOTION: Orkut should use agressive marketing. As I realize that the major market segment for ORKUT is the youth. Alliances: Unique features like discounted tickets for movies and sports events should be introduced through alliances with the respective partners like a tie up with the Indian Premier League which is the most awaited event of the year to attract more users.Alliances with various blog to promote the Orkut tag . Press Releases: I propose that Orkut should realunch it self through press realeases emphasizing on the added features to create awareness and attract new users. To generate high awareness I reccomend Orkut to use the following mediums: Print Media: Orkut should be highlypromoted on with the differentiated features on youth and sports magazines sush as Sports Star. Outdoor: I recommend Orkut to be promoted with attractive hoardings in youth hang out areas like the cafes,colleges like Cafe coffee Day, Starbucks etc Mobile Media: I reccommend Orkut to be promoted on mobile mediums like buses , taxis and trains which are the essential medium of communication for the youth. New Media: Aggressive presence of Orkut Tags on the most visited websites like you tube , journals etc. PEOPLE: Goolge Inc has been known for its creative minds To rejuvinate Orut Google should introduce more creative minds to the tasks . In order to generate new ideas Google should use interactive worshops through which there can be a sharing of ideas. PROCESS: Google should continue using its Graphical User Interface in order to rejuvinate the website. The user interfcace is a competitive adavntage of Orkut , I recommend Orkut to continue to leverage it. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: Brand image is very important for Orkut , in order to do so I reccommend Orkut to delivers complimentary services like leisure and entertainment. In India Orkut had a theme of a famous reality series on the website. It was immensely successful.I reccommend Orkut ot use such proven strategies on the web page.The packaging in terms of the whole outlook of the website should be changed . It should have attractive things like gaming tags on the top. IDEA : The logo should be . Actions to followed tobe done to achieve the tactics: Google has the head office in London and all the activities are controlled here.All the major actions ar e undertaken here. As the marketing plan is all objective based so I reccommend Orkut to use the objective and task method to set my budgets regarding the same. The total budget for the promotional activities is $400 million . The allocated amount is divided into six activities. G A N T T C H A R T Total Budget is 300 Million: Marketing Activities Time (when action) Responsibility 2011 2010 J F M A M J J A S O N D Redesigning of the Website à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Programmers Advertisement à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Advertising Agency Press Releases à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ PR Executives and Marketing Executives Relaunch of Product à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Sales Executives Sponsorships à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Marketing Executives Alliances à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ PR Executives Total $ Million Gaining Control over the actions: Control and monitoring of the actions will be done in the following ways. The companys performance wil be analysinsed through monitoring with different key performance indicators. Auditing: Control will be exercised through time tot time audits by performing the Marketing Audits. As Google in a innovative company and sis in a highly competitive industry the control should be conducted by internal auditors. The performance gaps will be identified throught these audits .Hence forth, the corrective measures should be accordingly. The auditing process will allow GOOGLE to keep a close eye on the profitabiliy of ORKUT. Benchmarking: As ORKUT is not a market leader in the industry I propose to use benchmarking as Facebook who is the gives the most fierce competition does BEST PRACTICES in this industry, therefore I recommend Orkut to follow the same. Facebook bechmarks the industry in the applications like Gaming , Friend suggestions etc. CRITICAL REFLECTION: Orkut WHAT IS THAT?: Nowdays that is what everyone is asking. Orkut is a product from the giant of innovation GOOGLE INC, which is the the pioneer of search engine. I have taken Orkut as the product because in this world of globalization the social networking sites are having a huge im pact on the minds of the online population. This is the major reason for choosing Orkut as it has seen a huge success in the intital times but since a few years the brand has been overtaken by social networking sites which joined the race in the later years. I am amazed by the attitude Google has had towards Orkut and having a inquisisitve nature wanted to know the decline of the users.Orkut has been leading the market in India and their have been communities created by Indians and studies have shown that Indians love Orkut . Orkut has been the preferable social networking site of software developers in India.But in the recent times the popularity has significantly decreased. I have been in the professional environment for the last seven years. I have been working as a Business Development Manager and a Research Analsyst.These work profiles required a lot of networking and to suffice the purpose I had joined ORKUT. As ORKUT has a lot of communities and this helped me enhance my network through Orkut and inturn lead me to financial gains . Since the inception of social networking in India which is relatively new concept, Orkut has been seen as the synonym of such inception but recent reviews and statstics reveal huge decline in the popularity of Orkut. I have choosen Orkut because I have seen the hype about it in India and the way it had be modualted it lead into every persons day to day life. But since the last few days I have seen that Orkut ahs been loosing its presence in the market . People are switching to different networking sites due to the add- on features offered on the sites. Now it is becoming a question amongst the sgmented market the YOUTH. People have become skeptical on being on Orkut due to the limited features. Orkut was redesigned before two years and this has lead to losse in the value of users.The social networking is a very innovation driven industry and is promoted by its users thourgh word of mouth. Orkut has been neglecting innovation.Thus, its hold over the customer has lost because of the best practices carried by competition. Wisdom Outcomes of Marketing Modules: Rejuvination of ORKUT: Prior to starting of MBA marketing for me was just a synonym of sales.On completion of the module and especially after doing this particular assignment the entire preception of marketing has drastically tranformed. But now the conception is clear that marketing is not just sales but it goes beyond it and there are many factors that affect the same.This module has given me the in-depth view to the subject in terms of planning and implementation. The deep concepts have been simplified to by day to day examples that we come across in our daily lives.The analytical models like Mckinseys ,SWOT, Segmentation, Branding The 7 Ps etc. have been become very easy.Although being a layman, using these analysis some how or the other I have been impelementing these concepts but I was unaware of the terminology.Knowing the concepts in depth through the module has given me a clear picture of the concepts to help me in the future. The module has taught me that the every product goes through the product life cycle. And the stages are defined by the parameter of sales. The SOSTAC model that is a part of the module has given me the clear understanding of that how indepth analysis of the marketing can rejuvinate the brand image.I have used the same to carry out the analysis and have deep understaing ORKUT.This has revised my previous view that there are no amendments or solutions when the product is declining.The decline stage of the product can be identified when there is a decline in the sales. I have applied the same to ORKUT.Orkut has been a leader in the social networking industry . While applying the SOSTAC model, I have imbibed the fact that most of the management modules and principles are integrated, and marketing provides a common interface across all the different principles of management studies. Principles of finance, operations, human resource management are all utilised in the SOSTAC model. During my study I followed the following pathway: After deciding that orkut is going to be my subject of study, I first and foremost wanted to know what is the market scenario in which Orkut is operating. For this purpose, I started with the SWOT analysis. Through SWOT I was able to map the external and the internal and the internal environment. After having done the SWOT, I decided to take a look at the macro environment. For this purpose I had applied the PESTLE analysis. The PESTLE gave me a closer insight of the business environment in which Orkut is operating. The objective setting section takes into consideration the mission and vision of the company. After having a look at these aspects, I developed my strategies on the basis of SMART objectives. All the strategies of the company are interelated with each other. The strategy setting of the company has taught me how to analyse the activities through which the company tries to achieve its competitive advantage. The difference in the strategic perspectives such as Ansoffs Matrix, BCG Matrix, GE McKinsies Matrix , and the Porters Generic Strategies were very well formulated in the module. This gave me an in depth way of understanding what would be the most appropriate strategy for Orkut.Thus I have taken Ansoffs Matrix and Porters Generic Strategies. While doing the Tactical recommendations, I came to understand the concepts of the 7Ps of marketing. I can now understand the the 7Ps involve all the different prospects of management. The working on promotional mix became much simpler because there were case studies on communication strategies of declining brands discussed in the class. The part of the action plan that involves the GNATT chart was very well taught in the lecturing sessions. Allocation of duties made me dig into concepts of Human Resource Management.The human resource pay a critical par tof allocating the promotional duties to the right person.The promotional activities are the most crucial part of brand awareness and this has taught me there is a lot of people management that goes into all these activities. The budget planning prompted me to have a look at the financial statements of the company. Final the part consisting of the control and monitoring helped me to inculcate concepts of operations management in my marketing plan. The concepts of benchmarking and best practices helped me to understand how a market follower often often follows the market leader to achieve operational effectiveness. Thus the marketing module not only teaches us the maketing concepts but also builts up a holistic approach towards MBA.In order to have a successful career in marketing it is not only important that I have in depth of the marketing theories and modules but every department of the organisation has a signififcant contribution towards it.The module has taught me that all the twigs of management comprising of marketing, finance, operations and strategy are all incorporated and interrelated. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: This module has taught me to enjoy the process of learning and have ingrained knowledge of the subject.The way in which the concepts have been taught have given depth to the them and made them interesting.The concepts have been linked with the real life examples of comapanies and products that we use on a day to day basis. The real life case studies and examples have taken the learning process to under level. These examples have taught to interlink what we do in our day to day lives and how it affects the nature of the companies and consumers. The module has taught us to use the day to day mediums of communications like the newspapers, taxis and view the promotional skills in the context of marketing communications and link the concepts with activities the companies carry out. Some examples like British Airways, Poundland, Motorola, Virgin Rails and many more have encouraged me to do extensive research about the companies and how they use the concept of marketing to enhance their image. I was not aware that the companies use dirty skills to market their products and what extent they go to to enhance the sales. The lectures have been highly interactive and they have made the process of the enjoyable.The high level of interaction in the lectures made me confident about
Sunday, August 4, 2019
jet propulsion :: essays research papers
Jet Propulsion      Propulsion is a word that is derived from two Latin words: pro meaning before or forwards and pellere meaning to drive. To push forward or drive an object forward is Propulsion. A propulsion system produces thrust to push an object forward. Newton’s third law is the basis of the generation of thrust on airplanes. The engine accelerates a gas, and the reaction to this acceleration produces a force on the engine.      Different propulsion systems generate thrust in slightly different ways. That is: the propeller, the turbine engine, the ramjet, and the rocket. Each of these propulsion systems is applied everyday. The reason for four different types of engines is based on the balance of drag. Drag is what keeps planes in the air and accelerating. Thrust from the propulsion system must do two things: balance the drag of the airplane when the airplane is cruising and also the thrust from the propulsion system must exceed the drag of the airplane for the plane to accelerate.      Most airplanes spend most of their airtime cruising through the skies, such as cargo planes. In this application excess thrust is not as important as high engine efficiency and low fuel usage. Because of the aerodynamic efficiency of propellers and fans, it is more fuel efficient to accelerate a large mass by a small amount. That is why we find turboprops on cargo planes and airliners.      Some aircraft such as fighter planes require very high thrust to accelerate quickly and to overcome the high drag associated with high speeds of these airplanes, engine efficiency is not as important as very high thrust. Afterburning turbojets are used for this and a new technology called ramjet or rocket propulsion is used for this.      Well as you can see Propulsion is very important for flying through our skies.
Saturday, August 3, 2019
Qualitative Research for Instructional Technology Essay -- Qualitative
Qualitative Research Qualitative Research Defined: The simplest way to define qualitative research is to say that it is a type of research which involves interpreting nonnumerical data. The underlying belief of qualitative research is that "meaning is situated in a particular perspective or context, and, since different people and groups have different perspectives and contexts, there are many different meanings in the world, none of which is necessarily more valid or true than another" (Gay & Airasian, 1996). A qualitative researcher, therefore, believes that the world cannot be pinned down by objective meanings, but that all variables must be taken into account when conducting research, including the past experiences and personalities of the researcher. According to Peck and Secker (1999), this idea has three important implications from a research perspective: First, it follows that the purpose of research is not to establish objective facts about the social world because objective knowledge is impossible; rather, the aim is to explore how research participants understand, or make sense of, the topics in which we are interested. Second, the theories we arrive at as researchers are also inevitably our own interpretations of research participants' understandings and not simply a reflection of them. Finally, for readers and reviewers to assess qualitative research, it is necessary to present a "thick description" of the data, illustrate this with substantial extracts, and make the processes of the analysis transparent. How Qualitative Research differs from Quantitative Research: In order to gain a clearer understanding of qualitative research, it is necessary to compare its basic purpose and focus to those ... ...tative research is a valuable form of research to use in order to interpret the everyday life situations that cannot be measured through quantitative methods. References Gay, L. R., & Airasian, Peter. (1999). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, Sixth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Palmerino, Mark. (1999). "Take a quality approach to qualitative research". Marketing News, 33, 35-36. Peck, Edward & Secker, Jenny. (1999). "Quality criteria for qualitative research: Does context make a difference?". Qualitative Health Research, 9, 552-558. Putney, LeAnn & Green, Judith. (1999). "Evolution of qualitative research methodology: Looking beyond defense to possibilities". Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 368-377. Tema-Lyn, Laurie. (1999). "Five ways to get more out of qualitative research". Marketing News, 33, 38.
Friday, August 2, 2019
Explain Why Cultural Diversity Is Important In A College Education :: essays research papers
Explain Why Cultural Diversity Is Important In A College Education      I come from a small town. Hannibal, MO, the boyhood home of Mark Twain, is described its claim to fame as â€Å"a sleepy town drowsing.†Most surely he has never been more accurate, for this small enchanted river town has never awakened total equality.      It is a town full of ignorance, where nobody has ever thought twice of sharing and spreading their sly comments and idiotic judgements to anyone and everyone who will listen, and most people do. It is a town where fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, and grandparents teach their kids to â€Å"ignore those no-good niggers,†stay away from those â€Å"half-breeds†and give hell to anyone â€Å" nigger-lover†who refuses to believe the truth. It sickens me.      Last year, we had an issue to address at our school. It later became known as The Cowboys vs. The Blacks, and never has our school been more involved. The newspapers screamed of the hate, violence, and threat of gangs that were corrupting our schools; the halls rang with the lastest gossip on the next big showdown. This problem slapped a school full of apathetic kids into a lively bunch ready to get involved. Involved in what? A controversy that all had opinions on, but how could you not have an opinion? It was the talk at all of the dinner tables, bars, and stores in town. Kids went home scared of the racial tension. Parents whined and cried of violence in the school.      The parents whined and cried, and at the same time forgot to remember that it was they, not the kids, who had taught the very prejudices that were â€Å" disrupting the education process.†My opinion is simple and elementary: Children are not born to hate others, they must be taught to judge colors. If we are taught prejudices, then obviously, the racial tensions at my school didn't disrupt education, rather enforced lessons often reviewed over fried chicken and potatoes.      I cried once in my sophomore history class. The girl in front of me sang and preached that life was just that way, no one could ever change anything, so why should we even try? Prejudice is taught in the home, and the home is where we learn everything we really need to know. I listened, fumed, and stood up to interrupt her. (I rarely frown, let alone yell, but I had had enough of her pessimism. All eyes and ears were on me, and as my dramatic nature began to influence me, I started to preach.)      I have a theory.
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